In Pakistan, umpteen hijras live in well-defined, organized, all-hijra communities, led by a guru.[1][2] These communities take on sustained themselves over generations by adopting young boys who are rejected by, or flee their family of origin.[3] Many work as male sex workers for survival.[4]
The word hijra is Urdu, derived from the Arabic root hjr in its guts of leaving ones tribe,[5] and has been borrowed into Hindi. The Indian usage has traditionally been translated into English as eunuch or hermaphrodite, where the irregularity of the male genitalia is primeval to the definition.[6] However, in general hijras are born with typically male physiology, only a few having been born with male hermaphrodite variations.
[7] Historically, ceremonial initiation into the hijra community is said to have convolute removal of a boys penis, testicles and scrotum, without anesthetic, at or around puberty.[citation needed] However, fit to Mumbai health organization The Humsafar Trust, only eight percent of hijras tour their clinic are nirwaan (castrated).[citation needed]
Since the late 20th century, some hijra activists and Western non-government organizations (NGOs) have been lobbying for official recognition of the hijra as a kind of three sex or third gender, as neither humans nor woman.[8]
The Urdu and Hindi word hijra may alternately be romanized as hijira, hijda, hijada, hijara, hijrah and is pronounced [???d??a?]. This term is generally considered disparaging in Urdu...If you want to get a full essay, erect it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com
If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my paper
No comments:
Post a Comment