Exocytosis and the Neuromuscular Junction

Exocytosis and the Neuromuscular Junction How Does Botox Work? Exocytosis is the process in which secretory vesicles are exported step to the fore of the cadre membrane. These vesicles contain proteins which are and so transported to parts outside the cell (Wilfred D. Stein, 2012). Neurotransmitters are mercantile establishmentd during this process into the synaptic cleft. These transmitters overstretch other transmitters to muscle membrane infoldings, which are called junction folds (Etherington & Hong, 2011).They diffuse across the break between the touchwood and muscle to activate contraction. The progression in which prognosticates are sent from motor neurons to skeletal muscle fibres to warrant front line of muscles is called neuromuscular junction (Etherington & Hong, 2011). Motor neurons, Schwann cells, muscle fibres and kranocytes are all the diverse cell types that make up the neuromuscular junction. Motor neurons send out axons to skeletal muscles where an action potential is passed along the axons.The axons form a synaptic knob where they send activation signals to muscle ? bres (Etherington & Hong, 2011). Muscles are made up of hundreds of muscle fibres that all contract simultaneously when an action potential signal is transmitted by a motor neuron (Etherington & Hong, 2011). Schwann cells and kranocytes cover the nerve terminal. Schwann cells are a form of glial cells and Kranocytes are a cellthat synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen (Etherington & Hong, 2011).Acetylcholine is an important aspect in neuromuscular junction. It is utilise to transmit signals to muscles to initiate contractions or movement of the muscles. The toxin binds to neurons where it separates. One part cleaves a protein ultimately preventing the deduction process necessary for the produce of acetylcholine (Gill, 2004). Botulinum toxin, botulinum toxin A, disrupts the release of acetylcholine so when signals are released to muscles, they cant attach an ywhere on the muscle causing the muscle to not contract, effectively paralyzing the muscle (Gill, 2004).Because of this process, botulinum toxin has been used to treat many different disorders characterized by muscle contractions. botulinum toxin A is a type of botulinum toxin that is used to treat spastic equinus pace in people with rational palsy. It is used due to its ability in decreasing spasticity and improving ambulation in those with cerebral palsy. Botulinum toxins block the release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction which in turn helps people who start out cerebral palsy manage their spasticity (Kim, Shin, Kwon, Kim, Jung, Bang, 2010).Neuronox is another drug used similar botulinum toxin A which improves spastic equinus and has been tested to be just as harmless and reliable as BOTOX. Neuronox is another botulinum toxin which interrupts the nerve connection to muscles resulting in a localized reduction in muscle activity (Kim, Shin, Kwon, Kim, Jung, Bang, 2010). Overall, exocytosis and BOTOX are both connected to the neuromuscular junction while BOTOX is also connected to the treatment of spastic equinus gate in cerebral palsy.